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Convergence: Five Critical Steps Toward Integrating Lagging and Leading Areas in the Middle East and North Africa (en Inglés)
World Bank; International Finance Corporation (Autor)
·
World Bank Publications
· Tapa Blanda
Convergence: Five Critical Steps Toward Integrating Lagging and Leading Areas in the Middle East and North Africa (en Inglés) - World Bank; International Finance Corporation
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Reseña del libro "Convergence: Five Critical Steps Toward Integrating Lagging and Leading Areas in the Middle East and North Africa (en Inglés)"
Policy makers across the Middle East and North Africa have for many years articulated plans to integrate their people spatially and economically. Wishing to bring communities together and narrow economic gaps, governments have made large capital investments in transport corridors and 'new cities.' Hoping to provide jobs in places with little economic activity, governments have designated new industrial zones supported by spatially targeted business incentives. Yet the results of these place-based initiatives in the region have largely underdelivered in terms of yielding more sustainable jobs and growth. Spatial inequality contributes to a 63 percent larger share of inequality in this region than in any other region. Sharp disparities remain between capital cities and lagging areas, as well as between richer and poorer sections within cities. Across much of the region, a fortunate few are connected to opportunities, while many more people are marginal to the formal economy—or live outside of it.Convergence: Five Critical Steps toward Integrating Lagging and Leading Areas in the Middle East and North Africa considers the numerous and varied challenges. It explains that many of these place-based policies are ineffective because they treat the spatial and physical symptoms of inequity rather than its root causes, which are economic and institutional.Convergence presents the five roots of spatial inequity in institutional inefficiencies across the Middle East and North Africa—urban regulatory frictions, incrementalist education systems, centralized control over local public services, barriers to the spatial mobility of goods and people, and barriers to market entry and lopsided business environments—within cities, within countries, and across national borders.It proposes five transitional steps to enable convergence informed by economic geography:Strengthen coordination and complementarities across initiatives.Redistribute roles and responsibilities across tiers of government.Enable mobility of people between lagging and leading areas.Build dense and connected cities.Enhance market access nationally and regionally.
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